Nonstandard Free Energy Change (∆G): The change in free energy that occurs when reactants are converted to products under nonstandard conditions.
Le Chatelier's Principle: A principle stating that if a system at equilibrium is disturbed by changing the conditions, the system will adjust itself to partially counteract the change.
Reaction Quotient (Q):A measure of the relative amounts of products and reactants present during a reaction at a particular point in time. It can be used to determine whether a system is at equilibrium under nonstandard conditions.