Umayyad dynasty: The Umayyad dynasty was an influential Islamic caliphate that ruled from 661 to 750 CE. They were known for their architectural achievements, including the construction of the Qubbat al-Sakhra.
Caliph Abd al-Malik: Caliph Abd al-Malik was an Umayyad ruler who commissioned the construction of the Qubbat al-Sakhra. He played a significant role in shaping early Islamic art and architecture.
Islamic architecture: Islamic architecture refers to architectural styles developed by Muslim societies throughout history. It encompasses various elements such as domes, minarets, and intricate geometric patterns seen in structures like the Qubbat al-Sakhra.