Toxin

Definition

A toxin is a poisonous substance produced by certain microorganisms, including bacteria and viruses. Toxins can cause damage to host tissues and disrupt normal cellular functions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Toxins are classified into exotoxins and endotoxins based on their location and release mechanism.
2. Exotoxins are proteins secreted by bacteria that can cause damage at very low concentrations.
3. Endotoxins are components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria released upon cell death.
4. Many gastrointestinal infections are caused by bacteria that produce toxins, such as Clostridium difficile and Escherichia coli.
5. The presence of toxins in the body can trigger strong immune responses, often leading to inflammation and tissue damage.

Related terms

Virulence Factor: Molecules produced by pathogens that contribute to the pathogenicity or severity of an infection.

Exotoxin: A type of toxin released from a living bacterial cell into its surroundings.

Endotoxin:

A type of toxin present within the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, released when the cell disintegrates.