Supercoiled

Definition

Supercoiled DNA is a form of DNA structure where the double helix is twisted upon itself. This conformation helps in compacting the DNA to fit within the confines of a cell.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Supercoiling can be either positive or negative, depending on the direction of the twist.
2. Topoisomerases are enzymes that regulate supercoiling by adding or removing twists in the DNA.
3. Negative supercoiling is more common in cells and facilitates processes like replication and transcription.
4. DNA gyrase, a type of topoisomerase, introduces negative supercoils in bacterial DNA.
5. Supercoiled DNA migrates faster than relaxed DNA during agarose gel electrophoresis due to its compact structure.

Related terms

Topoisomerase:

An enzyme that alters the supercoiled form of a DNA molecule.

DNA Gyrase:

A type of topoisomerase that introduces negative supercoils into bacterial DNA.

Chromatin:

The complex of DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.