Serum sickness

Definition

Serum sickness is a type III hypersensitivity reaction that occurs when the immune system reacts to proteins in antiserum derived from non-human sources. It commonly presents with symptoms such as fever, rash, joint pain, and swelling.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Serum sickness typically develops 7-14 days after exposure to the antiserum.
2. It is mediated by immune complexes that deposit in tissues and activate complement pathways.
3. Common triggers include antitoxins, anti-venoms, and certain monoclonal antibodies.
4. Symptoms include fever, urticaria (hives), arthralgia (joint pain), and lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes).
5. Treatment often involves discontinuing the offending agent and administering corticosteroids or antihistamines to manage symptoms.

Related terms

Hypersensitivity Reaction: An exaggerated immune response to an antigen which can be damaging to the host.

Immune Complexes: Aggregates of antigens and antibodies that can precipitate out of solution and cause tissue damage.

Complement Pathway: A part of the immune system that enhances the ability of antibodies to clear pathogens from an organism.