Poxviruses

Definition

Poxviruses are a family of large, complex viruses with double-stranded DNA genomes. They are known for causing diseases such as smallpox and cowpox.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Poxviruses have large, linear double-stranded DNA genomes, typically containing between 130-300 kilobase pairs.
2. Unlike many other DNA viruses, poxviruses replicate in the cytoplasm of the host cell rather than the nucleus.
3. The genome of poxviruses encodes all necessary enzymes for replication and transcription, including DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase.
4. Poxvirus particles are enveloped with a complex structure consisting of an outer lipid membrane and a core containing the viral DNA.
5. Vaccinia virus, a member of the poxvirus family, is used as a vector for vaccines due to its ability to induce strong immune responses.

Related terms

DNA Polymerase:

An enzyme that synthesizes DNA molecules from deoxyribonucleotides.

RNA Polymerase:

An enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during transcription.

Enveloped Virus: A virus that has an outer lipid membrane surrounding its capsid or nucleocapsid.