Phosphorylation

Definition

Phosphorylation is the process of adding a phosphate group to a molecule, often mediated by enzymes. It plays a crucial role in cellular signaling and energy transfer.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Phosphorylation is essential for ATP production during cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
2. Kinases are the enzymes that catalyze phosphorylation.
3. Phosphorylation can activate or deactivate proteins, thus regulating their function.
4. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria and involves the electron transport chain.
5. Phosphorylation is implicated in drug resistance mechanisms, especially in cancer cells.

Review Questions

Related terms

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate):

The primary energy carrier in cells, produced through phosphorylation.

Kinase: An enzyme that facilitates the transfer of phosphate groups to target molecules.

Oxidative Phosphorylation:

A metabolic pathway in mitochondria that uses energy released by oxidation to produce ATP.