Organic chemistry

Definition

Organic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the structure, properties, and reactions of compounds that contain carbon. It is fundamental to understanding the biochemical processes in microorganisms.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Organic molecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids are essential for microbial life.
2. Carbon's ability to form four covalent bonds makes it uniquely suited to form complex organic molecules.
3. Enzymes are organic catalysts that speed up biochemical reactions in microbes without being consumed in the process.
4. Functional groups like hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, and phosphate groups determine the chemical reactivity and properties of organic molecules.
5. Microorganisms can metabolize a diverse range of organic compounds through various metabolic pathways.

Review Questions

Related terms

Nucleic Acids:

Biopolymers essential for storing and transmitting genetic information.

Proteins:

Complex molecules composed of amino acids that perform various functions within microbial cells.

Carbohydrates: Organic compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that serve as energy sources and structural components in microorganisms.