Opisthotonos

Definition

Opisthotonos is a condition characterized by severe hyperextension and spasticity, where the head, neck, and spinal column enter into a bridging or arching position. It is often associated with certain bacterial infections affecting the nervous system.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Opisthotonos is most commonly seen in severe cases of tetanus caused by Clostridium tetani.
2. The condition results from intense muscle spasms due to the neurotoxin produced by the bacteria.
3. Opisthotonos can be a sign of severe meningitis or encephalitis when caused by other bacterial pathogens like Neisseria meningitidis.
4. Immediate medical intervention is required as opisthotonos indicates serious neurological involvement and potential for respiratory failure.
5. Treatment often involves addressing the underlying infection with antibiotics and using muscle relaxants to control spasms.

Related terms

Tetanus: A serious bacterial infection caused by Clostridium tetani that affects the nervous system leading to painful muscle contractions.

Meningitis:

Inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, which can be caused by various pathogens including bacteria.

Neurotoxin: A toxin that acts specifically on nerve cells, often causing damage or dysfunction in neural tissue.