Murein

Definition

Murein, also known as peptidoglycan, is a polymer that forms a protective layer outside the plasma membrane of most bacteria. It provides structural strength and shape to the cell.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Murein is composed of sugar chains cross-linked by short peptides.
2. It is essential for maintaining cell shape and preventing osmotic lysis in bacterial cells.
3. The structure of murein varies between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
4. Enzymes like lysozyme can break down murein, leading to cell lysis.
5. Antibiotics such as penicillin target the synthesis of murein, inhibiting bacterial growth.

Related terms

Gram-positive bacteria: Bacteria with thick layers of murein in their cell walls.

Gram-negative bacteria: Bacteria with thin layers of murein located between an inner and outer membrane.

Lysozyme:

An enzyme that breaks down the glycosidic bonds in murein, causing bacterial cell lysis.