Initiation of protein synthesis

Definition

Initiation of protein synthesis is the process where ribosomes assemble around the target mRNA to begin translating its code into a polypeptide chain. This step sets the stage for elongation and termination phases in protein synthesis.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The initiation of protein synthesis involves the assembly of the small and large ribosomal subunits around the mRNA.
2. Initiator tRNA carrying methionine binds to the start codon (AUG) on the mRNA.
3. GTP is hydrolyzed to provide energy for initiation complex formation.
4. Initiation factors (IFs) play a crucial role in guiding and stabilizing the assembly of the initiation complex.
5. The Shine-Dalgarno sequence in prokaryotes helps position the ribosome correctly on the mRNA.

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Related terms

Ribosome:

A molecular machine that facilitates the translation of mRNA into a polypeptide chain.

mRNA:

Messenger RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.

tRNA:

Transfer RNA that brings amino acids to ribosomes during translation, matching them with their corresponding codons on mRNA.