Hemolytic reaction

Definition

A hemolytic reaction is an adverse immune response where red blood cells are destroyed by antibodies. This often occurs during blood transfusions when the donor blood type is incompatible with the recipient.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Hemolytic reactions can be acute or delayed, with acute reactions occurring within 24 hours of transfusion.
2. Symptoms include fever, chills, back pain, and dark urine due to hemoglobinuria.
3. The most common cause is ABO incompatibility between donor and recipient blood types.
4. Direct antiglobulin test (DAT) is used to diagnose hemolytic reactions.
5. Immediate treatment involves stopping the transfusion and providing supportive care such as hydration and medications to manage symptoms.

Related terms

Alloimmunity: An immune response against non-self antigens from members of the same species.

ABO Incompatibility: A condition where mismatched blood types lead to an immune response against the donated blood.

Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT): A laboratory test used to detect antibodies attached to red blood cells, often used in diagnosing hemolytic reactions.