Enterotoxigenic E. coli

Definition

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) is a type of Escherichia coli bacteria known for producing toxins that target the intestines, leading to diarrhea. It is a major cause of traveler's diarrhea and can be life-threatening, especially in children in developing countries.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. ETEC produces two main types of enterotoxins: heat-labile toxin (LT) and heat-stable toxin (ST).
2. The genes encoding the toxins are often plasmid-borne, making them easily transferable between bacteria.
3. The LT toxin activates adenylate cyclase, increasing cAMP levels in intestinal cells and causing water and electrolyte secretion.
4. The ST toxin activates guanylate cyclase, leading to an increase in cGMP and similar secretory effects as LT.
5. ETEC infection is typically acquired through consumption of contaminated food or water.

Related terms

Plasmid:

A small DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently.

Pathogenicity:

The ability of an organism to cause disease.

Traveler's Diarrhea: A digestive tract disorder that commonly causes loose stools and abdominal cramps, caused by consuming contaminated food or water.