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Chromosomes

Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated August 2025
Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated August 2025

Definition

Chromosomes are DNA molecules that contain the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known organisms. They are highly structured and organized within the nucleus of cells.

AP course connection

Topic 10.4: 10.4 Structure and Function of Cellular Genomes

Unit 10

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5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. Humans have 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs.
  2. Chromosomes are made up of chromatin, which is a combination of DNA and proteins called histones.
  3. During cell division, chromosomes condense to become more visible under a microscope.
  4. Each chromosome has a centromere, which is essential for the movement of chromosomes during cell division.
  5. Mutations or abnormalities in chromosome number or structure can lead to genetic disorders.

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