Bacitracin

Definition

Bacitracin is a polypeptide antibiotic that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by interfering with peptidoglycan production. It is primarily used topically to treat skin infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Bacitracin targets the bacterial cell wall by inhibiting the dephosphorylation of bactoprenol, a key molecule in peptidoglycan synthesis.
2. It is most effective against Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species.
3. Bacitracin is often used in combination with other antibiotics like neomycin and polymyxin B in over-the-counter topical ointments.
4. It is rarely used systemically due to its nephrotoxicity when administered intravenously or intramuscularly.
5. Bacitracin was first isolated from Bacillus subtilis in 1945.

Related terms

Peptidoglycan:

A polymer that forms a mesh-like layer outside the plasma membrane of most bacteria, providing structural support and shape.

Neomycin: An aminoglycoside antibiotic that interferes with bacterial protein synthesis and is often used topically alongside bacitracin.

Polymyxin B:

An antibiotic that targets the bacterial cell membrane, commonly combined with bacitracin and neomycin for topical use.