Axon

Definition

An axon is a long, slender projection of a neuron that conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body. Axons are fundamental to the transmission of neural signals across different parts of the nervous system.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Axons are covered by a myelin sheath, which increases the speed of impulse transmission.
2. The point where an axon joins the cell body is called the axon hillock.
3. Axons terminate at synaptic terminals, where they communicate with other neurons or muscle cells.
4. Damage to axons can result in neurological diseases or impairments such as multiple sclerosis.
5. Infections like rabies and herpes simplex virus travel through axons to reach the central nervous system.

Related terms

Neuron:

A nerve cell that transmits electrical and chemical signals in the body.

Myelin Sheath: A fatty layer that surrounds axons and speeds up signal transmission.

Synapse:

The junction between two neurons where communication occurs through neurotransmitters.