Alkylating agent

Definition

An alkylating agent is a chemical compound that introduces an alkyl group into DNA, leading to the disruption of its structure and function. These agents are commonly used in chemotherapy to treat cancer by damaging the DNA of rapidly dividing cells.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Alkylating agents are highly effective in targeting and destroying rapidly growing cells, such as cancer cells and microbes.
2. They work by forming covalent bonds with DNA, leading to mutations or cell death during replication.
3. Common examples include mustard gas derivatives like cyclophosphamide and chlorambucil.
4. Alkylating agents can be nonspecific, affecting both healthy and diseased cells, which may lead to side effects.
5. Resistance to alkylating agents can develop through increased DNA repair mechanisms or reduced drug uptake by cells.

Related terms

Antimicrobial Agent: A substance that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms.

Mutagenic Agent: A chemical or physical agent that causes genetic mutations.

Chemotherapy:

The use of chemical substances to treat disease, particularly cancer.