Sikh Gurus

The Sikh Gurus played a vital role in shaping Sikhism, emphasizing equality, community service, and devotion to God. Their teachings and actions laid the foundation for a faith that promotes justice and spiritual growth within the diverse landscape of Asian religions.

1. Guru Nanak Dev Ji

   • Founder of Sikhism, born in 1469 in Nankana Sahib (present-day Pakistan).
   • Emphasized the oneness of God and the equality of all humans, regardless of caste or religion.
   • Introduced the concept of "Naam Japna" (meditation on God's name) and "Kirat Karni" (earning an honest living).
   • Established the practice of community kitchens (Langar) to promote equality and service.
   • Composed hymns that form part of the Guru Granth Sahib, the holy scripture of Sikhism.

2. Guru Angad Dev Ji

   • Born in 1504, he became the second Guru and succeeded Guru Nanak Dev Ji in 1539.
   • Developed the Gurmukhi script, making it easier to read and write Punjabi.
   • Focused on the importance of community and established a system of Sikh institutions.
   • Promoted physical fitness and introduced the practice of wrestling as a means of discipline.
   • Compiled and preserved the hymns of Guru Nanak, ensuring their transmission.

3. Guru Amar Das Ji

   • The third Guru, born in 1479, he served from 1552 to 1574.
   • Instituted the practice of "Langar" as a means of social equality and community service.
   • Advocated for women's rights and established a place for women in religious practices.
   • Introduced the "Manji" system to spread Sikh teachings through appointed leaders.
   • Composed numerous hymns that emphasized devotion and the importance of community.

4. Guru Ram Das Ji

   • The fourth Guru, born in 1534, he served from 1574 to 1581.
   • Founded the city of Amritsar, which became the spiritual center of Sikhism.
   • Composed the "Lavan," hymns that are recited during Sikh marriages.
   • Emphasized the importance of humility, service, and devotion to God.
   • Continued the tradition of community service and established the practice of "Sewa."

5. Guru Arjan Dev Ji

   • The fifth Guru, born in 1563, he served from 1581 to 1606.
   • Compiled the Adi Granth, the first official scripture of Sikhism, which later became the Guru Granth Sahib.
   • Built the Golden Temple in Amritsar, a symbol of Sikh faith and community.
   • Faced persecution and martyrdom, which solidified the resolve of the Sikh community.
   • Promoted the idea of universal brotherhood and the importance of faith in God.

6. Guru Hargobind Ji

   • The sixth Guru, born in 1595, he served from 1606 to 1644.
   • Introduced the concept of "Miri-Piri," balancing spiritual and temporal authority.
   • Built the Akal Takht, a seat of authority for the Sikh community.
   • Led the Sikhs in armed resistance against oppression, emphasizing self-defense.
   • Promoted the idea of justice and righteousness in governance.

7. Guru Har Rai Ji

   • The seventh Guru, born in 1630, he served from 1644 to 1661.
   • Known for his compassion and commitment to environmental conservation.
   • Expanded the Sikh community and emphasized the importance of education and healing.
   • Advocated for peace and non-violence, despite the turbulent times.
   • Maintained a strong focus on spiritual teachings and community welfare.

8. Guru Har Krishan Ji

   • The eighth Guru, born in 1656, he became Guru at the age of five and served until 1664.
   • Known for his wisdom and compassion, he emphasized the importance of service to humanity.
   • He is remembered for his efforts to help those suffering from smallpox in Delhi.
   • His short tenure highlighted the significance of humility and childlike faith.
   • Died at a young age, leaving a legacy of selfless service and devotion.

9. Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji

   • The ninth Guru, born in 1621, he served from 1665 to 1675.
   • Known for his strong stance on religious freedom and human rights.
   • Martyrdom in 1675 for defending the rights of Hindus against Mughal oppression.
   • Emphasized the importance of standing up against tyranny and injustice.
   • His teachings focused on the value of sacrifice for the greater good.

10. Guru Gobind Singh Ji

    • The tenth Guru, born in 1666, he served from 1675 to 1708.
    • Founded the Khalsa in 1699, promoting equality, courage, and community service.
    • Finalized the Guru Granth Sahib as the eternal Guru of the Sikhs.
    • Emphasized the importance of self-defense and martial spirit among Sikhs.
    • His legacy includes a rich body of poetry and teachings that inspire Sikhs to this day.