Printmaking Terminology

Printmaking involves various techniques to create images on paper. Understanding key terms like intaglio, relief, and lithography helps grasp the different methods artists use. Each technique has unique processes and tools, shaping the final artwork's look and feel.

1. Intaglio

   • A printmaking technique where the image is incised into a surface.
   • Ink is applied to the incised lines and wiped off the surface, leaving ink only in the grooves.
   • Common methods include etching, engraving, and drypoint.

2. Relief

   • A printmaking process where the image is raised above the background.
   • Ink is applied to the raised surfaces, and the image is transferred to paper.
   • Common techniques include woodcut and linocut.

3. Lithography

   • A planographic printing technique based on the immiscibility of oil and water.
   • The artist draws on a flat stone or metal plate with a greasy medium.
   • The image is then inked and pressed onto paper, allowing for detailed and tonal prints.

4. Screen printing

   • A stencil-based printing technique where ink is pushed through a mesh screen.
   • Each color requires a separate screen, allowing for vibrant and layered images.
   • Commonly used for textiles and posters.

5. Etching

   • A type of intaglio printmaking where a metal plate is coated with a waxy ground.
   • The artist scratches the ground to expose the metal, which is then etched with acid.
   • Produces fine lines and detailed images.

6. Woodcut

   • A relief printing technique where an image is carved into a block of wood.
   • The raised areas are inked, and the block is pressed onto paper.
   • Known for its bold lines and textures.

7. Linocut

   • Similar to woodcut, but uses linoleum as the carving surface.
   • Easier to carve than wood, allowing for more intricate designs.
   • Produces smooth, clean lines and shapes.

8. Aquatint

   • An intaglio technique that creates tonal effects using powdered resin.
   • The plate is treated to create areas that hold ink, resulting in soft gradations.
   • Often used in conjunction with etching for richer textures.

9. Drypoint

   • An intaglio method where a sharp needle is used to scratch an image into a plate.
   • The raised edges create a characteristic soft line in the print.
   • Limited editions due to wear on the plate.

10. Monoprint

    • A unique printmaking technique where a single impression is made from a painted or inked surface.
    • Allows for spontaneous and experimental designs.
    • Each print is one-of-a-kind, unlike other printmaking methods.

11. Edition

    • A set of identical prints produced from the same plate or block.
    • Editions are often numbered to indicate their place in the series.
    • Helps establish the value and authenticity of prints.

12. Plate

    • The surface on which the image is created for intaglio or lithographic printing.
    • Can be made from metal, plastic, or stone, depending on the technique.
    • The quality of the plate affects the final print.

13. Matrix

    • The original surface (plate, block, or screen) used to create prints.
    • The matrix holds the image and is essential for the printing process.
    • Can be reused for multiple prints until it wears out.

14. Brayer

    • A hand-held roller used to spread ink evenly on a surface.
    • Essential for relief printing to ensure consistent ink application.
    • Available in various sizes for different printmaking techniques.

15. Registration

    • The process of aligning multiple colors or layers in printmaking.
    • Ensures that each layer is accurately placed for a cohesive final image.
    • Critical in techniques like screen printing and lithography.

16. Proof

    • A preliminary print made to check the quality and accuracy of the image.
    • Allows the artist to make adjustments before the final edition is printed.
    • Proofs can be marked as artist's proofs (AP) or trial proofs.

17. Burnisher

    • A tool used to apply pressure to transfer ink from the matrix to the paper.
    • Can be used in relief and intaglio printing to enhance image quality.
    • Helps achieve a smooth and even print.

18. Press

    • A machine used to apply pressure to transfer ink from the matrix to the paper.
    • Types include etching presses, lithography presses, and screen printing presses.
    • Essential for producing high-quality prints.

19. Ink

    • The medium used to create the image on the matrix and transfer it to paper.
    • Available in various types, including oil-based, water-based, and acrylic.
    • The choice of ink affects the texture, color, and finish of the print.

20. Paper

    • The surface onto which the inked image is transferred.
    • Different types of paper can affect the final print's texture and absorbency.
    • Choosing the right paper is crucial for achieving desired results in printmaking.