Notable American History Paintings to Know for American Art – Before 1865

Notable American history paintings capture key moments that shaped the nation before 1865. These artworks reflect themes of heroism, resilience, and the ideals of democracy, showcasing the struggles and triumphs that define American identity during this transformative period.

1. Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze

   • Depicts George Washington leading his troops across the icy Delaware River on the night of December 25, 1776.
   • Symbolizes determination and resilience during a pivotal moment in the American Revolutionary War.
   • The dramatic composition emphasizes heroism and the struggle for independence.

2. The Declaration of Independence by John Trumbull

   • Illustrates the moment of the signing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776.
   • Features key figures such as Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and Benjamin Franklin, highlighting their roles in American history.
   • Represents the ideals of liberty and democracy that define the United States.

3. Watson and the Shark by John Singleton Copley

   • Captures the dramatic rescue of a young man, Brook Watson, from a shark attack in Havana Harbor in 1749.
   • Reflects themes of survival and bravery, showcasing the human struggle against nature.
   • Combines realism with emotional intensity, characteristic of Copley's style.

4. The Death of General Wolfe by Benjamin West

   • Depicts the death of British General James Wolfe during the Battle of Quebec in 1759.
   • Blends historical accuracy with a romanticized portrayal of sacrifice and heroism.
   • Influenced the genre of history painting by emphasizing the emotional impact of war.

5. The Surrender of Lord Cornwallis by John Trumbull

   • Represents the British surrender at Yorktown in 1781, marking a decisive victory for the American forces.
   • Highlights the significance of unity among the American colonies in their fight for independence.
   • Captures the moment of triumph and the end of major hostilities in the Revolutionary War.

6. The Signing of the Constitution by Howard Chandler Christy

   • Depicts the signing of the U.S. Constitution in 1787, showcasing the Founding Fathers.
   • Emphasizes the importance of governance and the establishment of a new nation.
   • Combines historical figures with a sense of solemnity and purpose.

7. The Peaceable Kingdom by Edward Hicks

   • Illustrates a vision of peace and harmony among different species, inspired by the biblical passage from Isaiah.
   • Reflects the Quaker belief in pacifism and the ideal of a peaceful society.
   • Uses symbolism to convey themes of innocence and coexistence.

8. The Capture of the Hessians at Trenton by John Trumbull

   • Depicts the surprise attack on Hessian forces by Washington's troops on December 26, 1776.
   • Highlights the strategic importance of the victory in boosting American morale.
   • Combines action and historical narrative, showcasing the turning point in the Revolutionary War.

9. The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere by Grant Wood

   • Captures the moment of Paul Revere's famous ride to warn of British troops approaching in 1775.
   • Emphasizes the themes of patriotism and the call to action among colonists.
   • Combines a sense of urgency with a romanticized portrayal of American history.

10. The Arcadian or Pastoral State by Thomas Cole

    • Represents an idealized vision of America’s natural beauty and the harmony between humanity and nature.
    • Reflects the Romantic movement's emphasis on the sublime and the importance of the American landscape.
    • Serves as a commentary on the relationship between civilization and the natural world.