Native Hawaiian Plants

Native Hawaiian plants are vital to Hawaii's culture and ecosystems. They provide food, medicine, and materials for traditional practices while supporting wildlife. Understanding these plants deepens our appreciation for their role in Hawaiian identity and environmental health.

1. Koa (Acacia koa)

   • A native tree known for its strong, durable wood, often used in traditional Hawaiian crafts and construction.
   • Plays a crucial role in Hawaiian ecosystems, providing habitat for native birds and insects.
   • Its leaves and flowers are important for soil health and contribute to the nitrogen cycle.

2. 'Ōhi'a Lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha)

   • A foundational species in Hawaiian forests, known for its vibrant red flowers and adaptability to various elevations.
   • Essential for watershed protection and soil stabilization, preventing erosion.
   • Hosts a unique relationship with the native Hawaiian honeycreeper birds, which rely on its nectar.

3. Kukui (Aleurites moluccanus)

   • The state tree of Hawaii, valued for its oil-rich nuts used in traditional medicine and cooking.
   • Its wood is used for carving and crafting, while the tree provides shade and habitat.
   • Symbolizes enlightenment and is often associated with the Hawaiian concept of light.

4. Taro/Kalo (Colocasia esculenta)

   • A staple food crop in Hawaiian culture, integral to traditional diets and ceremonies.
   • Grows in wetland conditions, playing a vital role in the agricultural landscape of Hawaii.
   • Represents the connection to ancestry and is often featured in cultural practices and storytelling.

5. Ti/Ki (Cordyline fruticosa)

   • A versatile plant used for its leaves in traditional Hawaiian lei-making and hula skirts.
   • Believed to have protective qualities, often planted around homes for spiritual safety.
   • Its roots are edible and used in various traditional dishes, showcasing its culinary importance.

6. Hala (Pandanus tectorius)

   • Known for its distinctive aerial roots and long, spiky leaves, used for weaving mats and baskets.
   • The fruit is edible and provides food for both humans and wildlife.
   • Plays a significant role in coastal ecosystems, helping to stabilize sand dunes and prevent erosion.

7. 'Ulu (Artocarpus altilis)

   • Also known as breadfruit, it is a key food source that can be prepared in various ways.
   • The tree is valued for its shade and is often planted in home gardens and communal spaces.
   • Represents abundance and is an important part of traditional Hawaiian agriculture.

8. Noni (Morinda citrifolia)

   • Known for its medicinal properties, used in traditional Hawaiian healing practices.
   • The fruit is often consumed for its health benefits, including immune support.
   • Grows in a variety of conditions, making it a resilient addition to Hawaiian landscapes.

9. Naupaka (Scaevola spp.)

   • A coastal plant known for its unique half-flower, often associated with Hawaiian legends.
   • Plays a role in erosion control along shorelines and provides habitat for native wildlife.
   • Its leaves are used in traditional medicine and for making leis.

10. Māmaki (Pipturus albidus)

    • A native tree known for its leaves, which are used to make traditional Hawaiian tea.
    • Important for supporting native ecosystems, providing habitat for various species.
    • Its bark is used in traditional practices, showcasing its cultural significance.