Medieval Musical Instruments

Medieval musical instruments played a vital role in shaping the culture of the Middle Ages. From the elegant lute to the lively hurdy-gurdy, these instruments enriched both sacred and secular music, reflecting the diverse sounds and traditions of the time.

1. Lute

   • A plucked string instrument with a rounded back and a fretted neck, popular in both secular and sacred music.
   • Originated in the Middle East and was adapted in Europe during the Middle Ages.
   • Played by strumming or plucking, often accompanying singers or other instruments.

2. Vielle

   • A bowed string instrument resembling a fiddle, commonly used in medieval folk music.
   • Typically has five strings and is played with a bow, producing a rich, resonant sound.
   • Played in both solo and ensemble settings, often accompanying dances.

3. Harp

   • A string instrument with a triangular frame and strings of varying lengths, played by plucking.
   • Used in both sacred and secular music, symbolizing elegance and nobility in medieval culture.
   • Varieties include the frame harp and the gothic harp, each with distinct features.

4. Psaltery

   • A stringed instrument resembling a flat board with strings stretched across it, played by plucking.
   • Often used in religious settings, providing a gentle and soothing sound.
   • Can be played solo or in ensembles, frequently accompanying vocal music.

5. Recorder

   • A woodwind instrument with a whistle mouthpiece, known for its sweet and clear tone.
   • Popular in both solo and ensemble performances, often used in educational settings.
   • Varieties include soprano, alto, tenor, and bass recorders, each with different ranges.

6. Shawm

   • A double-reed woodwind instrument, similar to the modern oboe, known for its loud and piercing sound.
   • Commonly used in outdoor performances and military music during the Middle Ages.
   • Played in ensembles, often alongside other instruments like the sackbut and drum.

7. Bagpipe

   • A wind instrument consisting of a bag, pipes, and a chanter, producing a distinctive drone sound.
   • Associated with folk music and celebrations, often played in outdoor settings.
   • Varieties exist across Europe, each with unique characteristics and playing styles.

8. Organ

   • A keyboard instrument that produces sound by forcing air through pipes, known for its powerful and majestic sound.
   • Primarily used in churches for liturgical music, enhancing the spiritual atmosphere.
   • Evolved from simple portative organs to larger, more complex instruments during the Middle Ages.

9. Rebec

   • A bowed string instrument with a pear-shaped body, similar to a violin but with a softer sound.
   • Played in medieval and Renaissance music, often accompanying dances and songs.
   • Typically has three strings and is known for its expressive capabilities.

10. Hurdy-gurdy

    • A string instrument that produces sound by turning a crank, which rubs against the strings, creating a unique drone.
    • Often used in folk music and storytelling, providing a lively and rhythmic accompaniment.
    • Features a keyboard for melody and is known for its distinctive, almost mechanical sound.