Korean National Treasures

Korean National Treasures showcase the rich artistic heritage and cultural identity of Korea. From ancient architecture to exquisite craftsmanship, these treasures reflect the spiritual beliefs, historical significance, and advanced techniques that define the Arts of Korea throughout its history.

1. Seokguram Grotto

   • A UNESCO World Heritage Site, this artificial cave houses a monumental statue of Buddha, symbolizing the pinnacle of Silla art.
   • The grotto showcases advanced stone-carving techniques and reflects the spiritual beliefs of the time.
   • Its architectural design integrates natural surroundings, emphasizing harmony between nature and spirituality.

2. Tripitaka Koreana

   • A comprehensive collection of Buddhist scriptures carved onto over 80,000 wooden blocks, recognized as a UNESCO Memory of the World.
   • Created during the Goryeo Dynasty, it is notable for its precision and preservation, reflecting the dedication to Buddhist scholarship.
   • The Tripitaka Koreana is considered one of the most complete and oldest collections of Buddhist texts in existence.

3. Namdaemun (Great South Gate)

   • The oldest and largest wooden gate in Korea, originally built in the 14th century, representing the architectural style of the Joseon Dynasty.
   • It served as a vital entry point to the capital, Seoul, symbolizing the city's historical significance and defense.
   • The gate is a National Treasure of Korea, showcasing traditional Korean construction techniques and cultural heritage.

4. Cheomseongdae Observatory

   • One of the oldest astronomical observatories in East Asia, built during the Silla Dynasty, reflecting advanced scientific knowledge.
   • The structure is made of 362 stones, symbolizing the days of the year, and was used for observing celestial bodies.
   • Cheomseongdae represents the integration of science, architecture, and spirituality in ancient Korean society.

5. Gyeongju Bulguksa Temple

   • A UNESCO World Heritage Site, this temple complex is a masterpiece of Buddhist architecture from the Silla period.
   • It features intricate stone pagodas and sculptures, showcasing the artistic achievements of the time.
   • Bulguksa serves as a spiritual center, embodying the harmony between nature, architecture, and religious practice.

6. Jikji (World's oldest extant movable metal print book)

   • Printed in 1377, Jikji is recognized as the oldest surviving book produced using movable metal type, predating Gutenberg's press.
   • It contains teachings of Zen Buddhism, highlighting the importance of print culture in disseminating knowledge.
   • Jikji's preservation emphasizes Korea's significant contributions to the history of printing technology.

7. Goryeo Celadon

   • Renowned for its exquisite craftsmanship, Goryeo celadon pottery is characterized by its jade-green glaze and intricate designs.
   • It reflects the aesthetic values of the Goryeo Dynasty, blending functionality with artistic beauty.
   • Goryeo celadon is considered a high point in Korean ceramics, influencing later pottery styles in East Asia.

8. Hunminjeongeum (Original manuscript of the Korean alphabet)

   • Created in the 15th century, this manuscript outlines the principles of Hangul, the Korean writing system, promoting literacy among common people.
   • It represents a significant cultural shift, emphasizing the importance of a phonetic alphabet tailored to the Korean language.
   • Hunminjeongeum is a National Treasure, symbolizing Korea's commitment to education and linguistic identity.

9. Goguryeo Tomb Murals

   • These murals, found in ancient tombs of the Goguryeo Kingdom, depict daily life, mythology, and beliefs, showcasing the artistic style of the period.
   • They provide valuable insights into the culture, social structure, and spiritual practices of ancient Koreans.
   • The murals are recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, highlighting their historical and artistic significance.

10. Silla Gold Crown

    • The gold crowns from the Silla Dynasty are exquisite examples of ancient Korean craftsmanship, adorned with intricate designs and symbolic motifs.
    • They reflect the social status and power of the elite, serving as important artifacts in understanding Silla's royal culture.
    • The crowns are significant in the study of Korean art and history, representing the sophistication of Silla's metalwork.