Key Texts from Major Greek Magical Papyri to Know for Intro to Greco-Roman Magic

The Major Greek Magical Papyri (PGM) are ancient texts from the 2nd to 4th centuries CE, showcasing spells and rituals for healing, protection, and love. They reveal the blend of Greek and Egyptian magical traditions, highlighting the rich cultural exchange in Greco-Roman magic.

1. Papyrus Graecae Magicae (PGM)

   • A collection of ancient Greek magical texts, primarily from the 2nd to 4th centuries CE.
   • Contains spells, invocations, and rituals for various purposes, including healing, protection, and love.
   • Reflects the syncretism of Greek, Egyptian, and other cultural influences in magical practices.

2. Great Paris Magical Papyrus (PGM IV)

   • Known for its extensive collection of spells and rituals, particularly for love and divination.
   • Features a unique blend of Greek and Egyptian magical traditions.
   • Includes the famous "love spells" that highlight the personal and emotional aspects of magic.

3. Leiden Papyrus (PGM XII)

   • Contains a series of spells focused on protection and the summoning of divine powers.
   • Notable for its use of the divine names and the invocation of various deities.
   • Offers insight into the ritualistic practices of the time, including the use of amulets.

4. London-Leiden Papyrus (PGM XIV)

   • A fragmentary text that includes spells for healing and protection.
   • Highlights the importance of the spoken word and ritual in the practice of magic.
   • Provides examples of the use of magical symbols and diagrams.

5. Berlin Papyrus (PGM I)

   • One of the earliest and most comprehensive magical papyri, dating back to the 1st century CE.
   • Contains a variety of spells, including those for exorcism and protection against evil spirits.
   • Reflects the integration of Hellenistic and Egyptian magical practices.

6. Michigan Papyrus (PGM LXX)

   • Features a collection of spells primarily focused on love and attraction.
   • Includes instructions for creating magical objects and performing rituals.
   • Demonstrates the personal nature of magic in ancient society.

7. Oslo Papyrus (PGM XXXVI)

   • Contains spells related to the summoning of spirits and the dead.
   • Highlights the belief in the afterlife and the role of magic in communicating with the deceased.
   • Offers insights into the funerary practices and beliefs of the time.

8. Mimaut Papyrus (PGM III)

   • Known for its focus on healing spells and remedies.
   • Includes detailed instructions for performing rituals and using specific ingredients.
   • Reflects the medical and magical practices intertwined in ancient Greek culture.

9. Bibliothèque Nationale Papyrus (PGM V)

   • Contains a variety of spells, including those for protection and divination.
   • Notable for its use of complex language and symbolism.
   • Provides insight into the social and cultural context of magic in ancient Greece.

10. Demotic Magical Papyrus of London and Leiden

    • A unique text that combines Greek and Egyptian magical traditions in Demotic script.
    • Focuses on spells for protection, healing, and the summoning of divine powers.
    • Illustrates the cross-cultural exchange and adaptation of magical practices in the Greco-Roman world.