Heart Chamber Valves

Heart chamber valves are essential for directing blood flow through the heart and preventing backflow. Understanding their structure and function is crucial for grasping how the heart maintains efficient circulation, impacting overall health and physiology.

1. Tricuspid valve

   • Located between the right atrium and right ventricle, it prevents backflow of blood during ventricular contraction.
   • Composed of three leaflets (cusps), which open and close to regulate blood flow.
   • Plays a crucial role in maintaining proper blood circulation within the heart and to the lungs.
   • Dysfunction can lead to conditions such as tricuspid regurgitation, affecting overall heart efficiency.

2. Mitral valve (Bicuspid valve)

   • Situated between the left atrium and left ventricle, it ensures unidirectional blood flow from the atrium to the ventricle.
   • Contains two leaflets, which are larger and thicker than those of the tricuspid valve, allowing for higher pressure during contraction.
   • Essential for maintaining systemic circulation by preventing backflow into the atrium during ventricular systole.
   • Mitral valve prolapse or stenosis can significantly impact cardiac function and require clinical attention.

3. Pulmonary valve

   • Located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, it controls blood flow from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.
   • Composed of three semilunar cusps that open during ventricular contraction and close to prevent backflow.
   • Critical for ensuring efficient pulmonary circulation and oxygen delivery to the body.
   • Pulmonary valve disorders can lead to increased pressure in the right ventricle and pulmonary hypertension.

4. Aortic valve

   • Found between the left ventricle and the aorta, it regulates blood flow from the heart to the systemic circulation.
   • Also consists of three semilunar cusps, designed to withstand high pressure generated during ventricular contraction.
   • Vital for maintaining adequate blood supply to the body and preventing regurgitation into the ventricle.
   • Aortic stenosis or regurgitation can lead to serious cardiovascular complications and require surgical intervention.