Cadences to Know for Intro to Music Theory

Cadences are essential in music, marking points of resolution and transition. They guide listeners through emotional highs and lows, shaping how we experience melodies. Understanding different types, like Perfect Authentic and Deceptive Cadences, enhances our appreciation of musical structure.

1. Perfect Authentic Cadence (PAC)

   • Consists of the V (dominant) chord resolving to the I (tonic) chord.
   • Both chords must be in root position for it to be considered "perfect."
   • The highest note in the final chord must be the tonic note.
   • Creates a strong sense of resolution and closure in music.
   • Commonly used at the end of phrases or sections to signify completion.

2. Imperfect Authentic Cadence (IAC)

   • Also involves a V to I resolution, but one or more conditions of the PAC are not met.
   • Chords may be in inversion, or the highest note may not be the tonic.
   • Provides a weaker sense of resolution compared to PAC.
   • Often used to create a sense of continuation rather than finality.
   • Can lead into new musical ideas or sections.

3. Half Cadence

   • Ends on the V chord, creating an unresolved feeling.
   • Often used to build tension or anticipation for the next phrase.
   • Can occur at various points in a musical piece, not just at the end.
   • Serves as a pivot point, leading into a subsequent musical idea.
   • Commonly found in both classical and contemporary music.

4. Plagal Cadence

   • Involves the IV (subdominant) chord resolving to the I (tonic) chord.
   • Often referred to as the "Amen Cadence" due to its frequent use in hymns.
   • Provides a softer resolution compared to the PAC.
   • Creates a sense of completion but with a different emotional quality.
   • Can be used to reinforce the tonic in a more gentle manner.

5. Deceptive Cadence

   • Typically involves a V chord resolving to a vi (submediant) chord instead of the expected I.
   • Creates surprise and can lead to unexpected musical directions.
   • Often used to prolong a musical phrase or create tension.
   • Can evoke a sense of ambiguity or emotional complexity.
   • Frequently employed in various genres to enhance musical storytelling.