Bleeding Control Techniques

Knowing how to control bleeding is crucial in First Aid. These techniques, like applying direct pressure and using tourniquets, can save lives. Understanding when and how to use each method helps you respond effectively in emergencies.

1. Direct pressure

   • Apply firm, steady pressure directly on the wound using a clean cloth or bandage.
   • Maintain pressure for at least 5-10 minutes before checking if bleeding has stopped.
   • Avoid lifting the cloth to check the wound, as this can disrupt clot formation.

2. Elevation

   • Raise the injured area above the level of the heart to help reduce blood flow to the wound.
   • Use pillows or other supports to maintain elevation comfortably.
   • Elevation is most effective when combined with direct pressure.

3. Pressure points

   • Locate and apply pressure to major arteries near the surface of the skin to slow bleeding.
   • Common pressure points include the brachial artery (inside the arm) and femoral artery (in the groin).
   • Use your fingers or thumb to apply firm pressure against the bone.

4. Tourniquets

   • Use a tourniquet for severe bleeding that cannot be controlled by direct pressure.
   • Place the tourniquet 2-3 inches above the wound, avoiding joints.
   • Tighten until bleeding stops and note the time of application for medical personnel.

5. Hemostatic agents

   • Apply hemostatic dressings or powders to promote rapid clotting in severe wounds.
   • Follow the manufacturer's instructions for application and use.
   • These agents are particularly useful in traumatic injuries with significant blood loss.

6. Wound packing

   • Use sterile gauze or cloth to pack deep wounds that are bleeding heavily.
   • Pack the material tightly into the wound to control bleeding and promote clotting.
   • Do not remove any packing once applied; instead, add more if necessary.

7. Bandaging techniques

   • Use appropriate bandages to secure dressings in place and protect the wound.
   • Ensure bandages are snug but not too tight to restrict blood flow.
   • Change bandages regularly and monitor for signs of infection.

8. Shock management

   • Recognize signs of shock, such as pale skin, rapid pulse, and confusion.
   • Keep the person lying down and elevate their legs if no injuries prevent it.
   • Provide reassurance and monitor vital signs until help arrives.

9. Recognizing types of bleeding

   • Identify arterial bleeding by bright red, spurting blood; it requires immediate attention.
   • Venous bleeding is darker and flows steadily; apply direct pressure.
   • Capillary bleeding is usually minor and can often be controlled with basic first aid.

10. Proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE)

    • Always wear gloves when handling blood or bodily fluids to prevent infection.
    • Use masks and eye protection if there is a risk of splatter.
    • Dispose of PPE properly after use to maintain safety and hygiene.