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🏃‍♂️Agile Project Management

Agile Manifesto Values

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Why This Matters

The four values of the Agile Manifesto aren't just philosophical statements—they're the foundation that certification exams expect you to apply in real scenarios. You'll be tested on your ability to recognize when a team is violating these values, recommend corrections, and explain why Agile prioritizes certain approaches over traditional project management methods. Understanding these values deeply helps you answer questions about team dynamics, stakeholder engagement, iterative delivery, and change management.

Don't just memorize the four value statements. Know what problem each value solves, how it contrasts with traditional (waterfall) thinking, and when you'd invoke it to guide a struggling team. Exam questions often present scenarios where you must identify which value applies—so focus on the underlying principle, not just the words.


People-Centered Values

Agile fundamentally shifts project management from a process-driven discipline to a people-driven one. These two values recognize that software is built by humans for humans, and no amount of documentation or tooling can replace genuine collaboration.

Individuals and Interactions Over Processes and Tools

  • Team dynamics drive project success—the best processes fail when communication breaks down or trust erodes between team members
  • Tools serve people, not the reverse—Agile teams select and adapt tools based on what enhances collaboration, rather than forcing workflows to fit rigid systems
  • Face-to-face communication is preferred because it reduces misunderstanding and builds the psychological safety needed for honest feedback and continuous improvement

Customer Collaboration Over Contract Negotiation

  • Ongoing partnership replaces transactional relationships—customers become active participants throughout development, not just at requirements and delivery
  • Feedback loops replace rigid specifications, allowing the product to evolve based on real user insights rather than assumptions documented months earlier
  • Trust and transparency reduce the need for protective contractual language, enabling both parties to focus on delivering value rather than managing risk through legal terms

Compare: Individuals and Interactions vs. Customer Collaboration—both prioritize human relationships over formal structures, but the first focuses internally (team dynamics) while the second focuses externally (stakeholder engagement). If an exam scenario involves communication breakdowns, identify whether the issue is within the team or between the team and customers.


Outcome-Focused Values

Traditional project management often measures progress through artifacts—documents produced, milestones checked off, plans followed. Agile redirects focus to actual outcomes: working product and delivered value.

Working Software Over Comprehensive Documentation

  • Functional product is the primary measure of progress—a team with extensive documentation but no working software has produced nothing of real value
  • Iterative delivery means software is tested and validated through actual use, not theoretical review of specifications
  • Documentation isn't eliminated—it's right-sized to support development and maintenance without becoming an end in itself (just enough, just in time)

Responding to Change Over Following a Plan

  • Change is expected, not exceptional—Agile assumes requirements will evolve as customers learn what they actually need through seeing working software
  • Flexible planning uses short iterations and frequent reprioritization, allowing teams to pivot based on new information without derailing the entire project
  • Value delivery is continuous—teams optimize for delivering the right thing rather than delivering the planned thing, even when those diverge

Compare: Working Software vs. Responding to Change—both reject traditional "success theater" (impressive documents, followed plans) in favor of real outcomes. Working Software measures what you've produced; Responding to Change governs how you adapt your approach. Exam questions may test whether you understand that a team can deliver working software while still failing to respond to change (e.g., building the wrong features because they refused to reprioritize).


The "Over" Distinction

A critical exam concept: the Manifesto states there is value in the items on the right (processes, documentation, contracts, plans)—but more value in the items on the left. This isn't binary rejection; it's prioritization.

Understanding the Balance

  • Processes and tools still matter—they provide structure and consistency, but should be lightweight and adaptable rather than bureaucratic
  • Documentation serves specific purposes—onboarding, compliance, maintenance—but shouldn't consume effort that could produce working software
  • Contracts and plans provide necessary guardrails—especially in regulated industries or fixed-budget contexts—but shouldn't override collaborative problem-solving

Compare: All Four Values—exam questions often present scenarios where multiple values apply or conflict. A team that rigidly follows their sprint plan (violating Responding to Change) might justify it by saying they're delivering working software. Recognize that the values work together: working software built from outdated requirements still fails the customer collaboration and change response values.


Quick Reference Table

ConceptKey Values & Applications
Internal Team DynamicsIndividuals and Interactions—communication, trust, collaboration
External Stakeholder EngagementCustomer Collaboration—partnership, feedback, transparency
Measuring ProgressWorking Software—functional product over artifacts
Handling UncertaintyResponding to Change—flexibility, reprioritization, adaptation
Process vs. PeopleIndividuals and Interactions—tools serve teams, not vice versa
Documentation BalanceWorking Software—right-sized, just enough, just in time
Contract FlexibilityCustomer Collaboration—trust replaces protective legal language
Planning ApproachResponding to Change—short iterations, continuous reprioritization

Self-Check Questions

  1. A team has excellent Jira workflows and detailed process documentation, but struggles with miscommunication and blame culture. Which Agile value are they violating, and what would you recommend?

  2. Compare "Customer Collaboration over Contract Negotiation" with "Responding to Change over Following a Plan"—what do they share, and how do their focuses differ?

  3. A product owner insists on completing all originally planned features before release, even though user testing revealed three features are unnecessary. Which value(s) should guide your response?

  4. Your organization requires compliance documentation for audit purposes. Does this violate "Working Software over Comprehensive Documentation"? Explain the balance the Manifesto actually advocates.

  5. An FRQ asks you to evaluate a team that delivers working software every sprint but never incorporates customer feedback. Which values are they honoring, and which are they violating?