William Dean Howells

Definition

William Dean Howells was an American author and literary critic known as the 'father of American realism.' He played a crucial role in shaping the movement by emphasizing the importance of everyday life and the experiences of ordinary people in literature. His works often explored social issues, morality, and the complexities of human relationships, making him a pivotal figure in the development of American realism.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Howells was born in 1837 and became known for his belief that literature should reflect real life rather than romantic ideals.
2. He served as the editor of the Atlantic Monthly, where he championed realist writers and helped bring their works to a broader audience.
3. His novel 'The Rise of Silas Lapham' is considered a hallmark of American realism, illustrating the struggles of a self-made man in society.
4. Howells advocated for the inclusion of social issues in literature, particularly concerning class struggles and the moral dilemmas faced by individuals.
5. He was also influential in promoting other authors like Henry James and Mark Twain, helping to define the landscape of American literature during his time.

Review Questions

• How did William Dean Howells contribute to the characteristics of realism in literature?
  • William Dean Howells contributed significantly to realism by emphasizing the portrayal of everyday life and ordinary characters. He believed that literature should reflect real human experiences rather than idealized versions of life. Through his novels and critiques, he highlighted social issues and moral complexities faced by individuals, setting a standard for future realist writers.
• In what ways did Howells' editorial work at Atlantic Monthly influence American realism?
  • Howells' role as editor at Atlantic Monthly allowed him to promote realist authors and their works, significantly impacting the acceptance of realism in American literature. By providing a platform for writers like Mark Twain and Henry James, he helped elevate the importance of realism over romanticism. His editorial choices encouraged discussions on social issues within literature, solidifying realism's place in the literary canon.
• Evaluate the impact of Howells' novel 'The Rise of Silas Lapham' on the perception of American society during his time.
  • In 'The Rise of Silas Lapham,' Howells presented a nuanced exploration of American society, particularly focusing on themes of class struggle and moral integrity. The novel challenged prevailing notions about success and wealth by illustrating how personal values can conflict with societal expectations. This realistic portrayal prompted readers to reconsider their views on social mobility and ethics, ultimately contributing to a deeper understanding of contemporary American life during a period marked by rapid industrialization and change.

Related terms

Realism:

A literary movement that aims to represent everyday life and society without idealization or romanticism, focusing on ordinary characters and events.

Naturalism:

A more extreme form of realism that suggests human behavior is determined by environment, heredity, and social conditions, often portraying a more pessimistic view of life.

Literary Criticism: The analysis and evaluation of literature, which Howells contributed to significantly through his essays and reviews, promoting realism as a legitimate literary style.