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🏰world history – before 1500 review

Neo-Sumerian period

Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025

Definition

The Neo-Sumerian period, spanning from around 2112 to 2004 BCE, marks a significant revival of Sumerian culture and political power after the Akkadian Empire's decline. This era is characterized by the emergence of the Third Dynasty of Ur, which unified much of southern Mesopotamia, fostering advancements in art, architecture, and administrative practices.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. The Neo-Sumerian period saw the construction of monumental architecture, including the famous ziggurat at Ur, which was dedicated to the moon god Nanna.
  2. Ur-Nammu's legal code established principles of justice and governance that influenced later legal systems in Mesopotamia.
  3. This period was marked by economic prosperity, with trade flourishing across the region and extensive agricultural production supported by advanced irrigation techniques.
  4. The Neo-Sumerian dynasty emphasized the importance of religious practices, leading to a revival of Sumerian deities and temple complexes.
  5. Art during the Neo-Sumerian period reflected a return to earlier Sumerian styles, showcasing detailed sculpture and intricate pottery.

Review Questions

  • How did the Neo-Sumerian period contribute to the cultural revival in Mesopotamia?
    • The Neo-Sumerian period played a crucial role in reviving Sumerian culture by re-establishing political stability under the Third Dynasty of Ur. This era saw a resurgence in artistic expression, with monumental architecture such as ziggurats and intricate pottery reflecting Sumerian traditions. Additionally, advancements in cuneiform writing improved record-keeping and communication, solidifying cultural continuity and enhancing governance.
  • Discuss the significance of Ur-Nammu's legal code during the Neo-Sumerian period.
    • Ur-Nammu's legal code was significant as it represented one of the earliest attempts at codifying laws in human history. This code emphasized justice and governance, outlining various laws related to property rights, family matters, and civil disputes. Its principles influenced not only contemporaneous societies but also laid foundational concepts for future legal systems throughout Mesopotamia and beyond.
  • Evaluate the impact of trade and agriculture on the socio-economic structure of Neo-Sumerian society.
    • Trade and agriculture had a profound impact on the socio-economic structure of Neo-Sumerian society, contributing to its prosperity and stability. The development of advanced irrigation techniques boosted agricultural production, ensuring food security and enabling surplus crops for trade. This economic foundation facilitated extensive trade networks that connected Neo-Sumerians with distant regions, enriching their culture and leading to increased wealth for city-states. Consequently, this economic success strengthened centralized authority and promoted cultural achievements during this pivotal period.