Jericho

Definition

Jericho is one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world, located in the Jordan Valley near the Dead Sea. It played a crucial role in early human settlement during the Neolithic Revolution and served as a prominent example of urban development in early civilizations. The city’s extensive agricultural practices, fortified walls, and social organization reflect the transition from nomadic lifestyles to settled communities.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Jericho is often considered one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities, with evidence of settlement dating back to around 10,000 BCE.
2. The city is famous for its ancient walls, which are among the earliest examples of urban fortifications and highlight the importance of protection in early communities.
3. Archaeological findings indicate that Jericho had an advanced agricultural system that allowed its inhabitants to cultivate various crops, contributing to food surplus and population growth.
4. The presence of structures such as the Tower of Jericho suggests a complex social organization and possibly religious or ceremonial functions within the community.
5. Jericho's location made it a vital trade hub, facilitating interaction between different cultures and contributing to its growth and influence in ancient times.

Review Questions

• How did Jericho exemplify the transition from nomadic lifestyles to settled agricultural communities during the Neolithic Revolution?
  • Jericho exemplified this transition by showcasing early agricultural practices that allowed its inhabitants to settle in one place rather than constantly move in search of food. The development of farming led to a stable food supply, which supported larger populations. Additionally, the construction of permanent structures and fortifications indicated a shift toward a more organized society with complex social structures and communal activities.
• In what ways did Jericho's fortifications reflect the challenges faced by early civilizations?
  • The fortifications of Jericho highlight the need for security and protection against potential threats, such as invasions or conflicts with neighboring groups. These walls not only served as physical barriers but also symbolized the social organization and collaborative efforts of the community to ensure their safety. The construction of such impressive defenses indicates that Jericho was significant enough to attract hostile attention, reflecting broader challenges faced by early civilizations as they grew and developed.
• Evaluate the significance of agriculture in Jericho's development as one of the earliest urban centers and its impact on neighboring regions.
  • Agriculture was central to Jericho's development, enabling it to sustain a larger population and become a thriving urban center. The surplus produced through farming not only supported local needs but also facilitated trade with neighboring regions. This agricultural foundation allowed for more complex social structures and innovations, influencing other nearby settlements to adopt similar practices. As Jericho prospered, it set a precedent for urbanization in ancient societies and impacted cultural exchanges across the region.

Related terms

Neolithic Revolution:

The period around 10,000 BCE when human societies transitioned from hunter-gatherer lifestyles to agriculture and permanent settlements.

Agriculture:

The practice of cultivating land and raising crops, which became fundamental to the development of early civilizations like Jericho.

Fortifications: Structures built to protect a city or settlement from invasion or attack, which were present in Jericho and indicative of its significance as an early urban center.