White Man's Burden

Definition

The term 'White Man's Burden' refers to the belief that it was the duty of European and American colonizers to civilize and uplift non-Western peoples. This ideology was used to justify imperialism and colonialism, suggesting that Western powers had a moral obligation to bring progress, education, and Christianity to the so-called 'backward' societies they encountered.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The phrase 'White Man's Burden' was popularized by Rudyard Kipling in his 1899 poem, which urged the United States to take up colonial responsibilities in the Philippines.
2. This ideology portrayed colonized peoples as primitive or uncivilized, reinforcing racial hierarchies and justifying exploitation under the guise of benevolence.
3. Supporters of the 'White Man's Burden' argued that imperialism was a noble endeavor aimed at improving the lives of indigenous populations through education and religion.
4. Critics viewed the 'White Man's Burden' as a paternalistic justification for oppression and exploitation, highlighting the hypocrisy in claiming to help while often causing harm.
5. The concept contributed to a cultural narrative that upheld Western superiority, influencing policies and attitudes during the height of European colonial expansion in Africa and Asia.

Review Questions

• How did the ideology of the 'White Man's Burden' influence the motives behind European imperialism?
  • The 'White Man's Burden' significantly influenced European imperialism by promoting the idea that Western powers had a moral responsibility to civilize non-Western societies. This justification masked economic interests and territorial ambitions under a veneer of altruism. By framing imperialism as a benevolent endeavor aimed at uplifting 'inferior' cultures, colonial powers were able to rally support for their expansionist policies and suppress opposition.
• In what ways did critics challenge the narrative of the 'White Man's Burden' during the period of imperialism?
  • Critics challenged the narrative of the 'White Man's Burden' by exposing its inherent hypocrisy and questioning the morality of imposing Western values on indigenous populations. They argued that this ideology often served as a cover for exploitation, violence, and cultural erasure. Prominent voices highlighted the perspectives and rights of colonized peoples, advocating for their agency rather than framing them as helpless victims needing salvation.
• Evaluate the long-term impacts of the 'White Man's Burden' on post-colonial societies and contemporary global relations.
  • The 'White Man's Burden' has had lasting impacts on post-colonial societies by contributing to internal divisions, cultural dislocation, and ongoing power imbalances between former colonial powers and their former colonies. The legacy of paternalistic attitudes can still be seen in contemporary global relations, where stereotypes about developing nations persist. Additionally, this ideology has shaped discussions around foreign aid, development policies, and international relations, often perpetuating a dynamic where Western nations see themselves as saviors rather than partners in progress.

Related terms

Imperialism: A policy or ideology where a country extends its power and influence through colonization, military force, or other means.

Colonialism: The practice of acquiring full or partial control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.

Social Darwinism: A belief that applied the concept of 'survival of the fittest' to human societies, often used to justify imperialism by suggesting that stronger nations had a right to dominate weaker ones.