Plan de Iguala

Definition

The Plan de Iguala was a critical document issued in 1821 that outlined the goals for Mexican independence from Spanish rule. It sought to create a constitutional monarchy, uphold the Catholic Church's influence, and establish equality among Mexicans regardless of race. This plan was instrumental in uniting various factions in Mexico during a tumultuous period, paving the way for the eventual establishment of an independent nation.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Plan de Iguala was created by Agustín de Iturbide and Vicente Guerrero, combining efforts from both conservative and liberal factions in Mexico.
2. It called for three guarantees: the independence of Mexico, the establishment of a constitutional monarchy, and equality for all citizens regardless of race.
3. The plan emphasized the role of the Catholic Church in governance, aiming to maintain its influence within the new nation.
4. The implementation of the Plan de Iguala led to a period of relative stability following years of conflict during the Mexican War of Independence.
5. Despite its initial success, the Plan de Iguala faced challenges and ultimately contributed to political instability, leading to Iturbide's downfall as emperor.

Review Questions

• How did the Plan de Iguala bring together different factions in Mexico during the struggle for independence?
  • The Plan de Iguala was significant because it united various factions that had previously been at odds during the Mexican War of Independence. By emphasizing common goals such as independence from Spain, establishing a constitutional monarchy, and ensuring equality among Mexicans, it provided a framework that appealed to both conservatives and liberals. This unity was essential in garnering widespread support for the independence movement and facilitating negotiations with revolutionary leaders.
• Evaluate the effectiveness of the Plan de Iguala in achieving its stated goals for Mexico following independence.
  • While the Plan de Iguala initially succeeded in achieving its goals by establishing Mexico as an independent nation and promoting social equality, it struggled with long-term effectiveness. The insistence on a constitutional monarchy and maintaining Catholic influence created political divisions that led to instability. As factions vied for power, Agustín de Iturbide's reign as emperor ultimately fell short of unifying Mexico, highlighting the complexities involved in turning the plan's ideals into practical governance.
• Discuss the lasting impact of the Plan de Iguala on Mexican national identity and its influence on future political developments.
  • The Plan de Iguala had a lasting impact on Mexican national identity by laying down foundational principles regarding sovereignty, equality, and religious influence that would resonate throughout Mexico's history. Its emphasis on unity among diverse groups fostered a sense of shared purpose during a pivotal moment. However, its inherent contradictions also set the stage for future political struggles, including debates over governance models and social stratification, which would shape Mexico's evolving identity and political landscape well into the 19th century and beyond.

Related terms

Mexican War of Independence: A conflict that lasted from 1810 to 1821, where various revolutionary leaders fought to end Spanish colonial rule in Mexico.

Agustín de Iturbide:

A key military leader and politician who played a significant role in the Mexican War of Independence and later became the first Emperor of Mexico under the Plan de Iguala.

Treaty of Córdoba:

An agreement signed in 1821 that recognized Mexican independence from Spain, confirming the principles established in the Plan de Iguala.