key term - Rugged individualism

Definition

Rugged individualism is a belief in the importance of self-reliance and personal independence, particularly during times of hardship. This concept emphasizes the idea that individuals should be responsible for their own economic well-being and that government intervention should be minimal. It connects deeply with the American ethos of personal responsibility and the notion that people should work hard to overcome obstacles without relying too heavily on assistance from others.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Rugged individualism was a central theme in Herbert Hoover's philosophy during his presidency, particularly as he faced the Great Depression.
2. Hoover believed that individuals and businesses should find their own solutions to economic challenges rather than relying on government support.
3. The idea of rugged individualism led to criticism of Hoover's response to the Great Depression, as many felt he was too passive and unwilling to provide necessary aid.
4. Despite his commitment to individualism, Hoover did eventually implement some public works projects to help stimulate the economy.
5. Rugged individualism reflects broader American values of independence and self-sufficiency, which have been influential throughout U.S. history.

Review Questions

• How did rugged individualism influence Herbert Hoover's approach to addressing the Great Depression?
  • Rugged individualism significantly shaped Herbert Hoover's approach during the Great Depression by promoting the belief that individuals should solve their own problems without government assistance. Hoover advocated for voluntary measures among businesses and individuals to address economic hardships rather than direct federal intervention. This philosophy resulted in a response that many criticized as being insufficient for the scale of the crisis, highlighting a disconnect between his beliefs and the desperate needs of the population.
• In what ways did the concept of rugged individualism reflect the attitudes of Americans during the early 20th century, particularly during economic downturns?
  • Rugged individualism reflected a widespread American attitude of self-reliance and personal responsibility during the early 20th century, especially during economic downturns like the Great Depression. Many Americans believed that hard work and determination could help overcome obstacles, fostering a culture that emphasized individual effort over reliance on government assistance. This mindset contributed to public frustration with perceived governmental inaction during crises, leading to calls for more proactive measures as the reality of widespread poverty set in.
• Evaluate how rugged individualism shaped long-term governmental policies and societal expectations in the U.S. after the Great Depression.
  • After the Great Depression, rugged individualism continued to shape governmental policies and societal expectations by creating a lingering preference for self-reliance over extensive welfare systems. While programs like Social Security were established as safety nets, many Americans still valued personal responsibility highly. This ethos influenced later political debates around government intervention and social welfare programs, leading to ongoing tensions between those who advocate for robust social support systems versus those who believe in limited government involvement, reflecting deep-rooted beliefs about individual agency and responsibility in American society.

Related terms

self-reliance: The ability to rely on one's own capabilities and resources to achieve goals and solve problems.

Hoovervilles:

Makeshift shantytowns that emerged during the Great Depression, named after President Herbert Hoover, where many people lived in poverty.

Laissez-faire: An economic philosophy of minimal government intervention in the economy, allowing businesses to operate freely.