Imperialism

Definition

Imperialism is a policy or ideology where a country extends its power and influence over other nations or territories, often through colonization, military force, or economic dominance. It involves the domination of one nation over another, leading to the control of political, social, and economic structures. In the context of American expansionism and the Spanish-American War, imperialism showcases the United States' desire to expand its territory and exert its influence in the Caribbean and Pacific regions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Spanish-American War in 1898 marked a significant turning point in American imperialism as the U.S. emerged as a global power after defeating Spain.
2. Following the war, the Treaty of Paris resulted in the U.S. acquiring territories such as Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines, reflecting its imperial ambitions.
3. American imperialism was justified through ideologies like Manifest Destiny, which claimed it was America's duty to spread democracy and civilization.
4. The annexation of Hawaii in 1898 is another key example of American imperialism, showcasing economic interests and strategic military considerations.
5. Opposition to imperialism grew during this period, with figures like Mark Twain forming the Anti-Imperialist League, arguing against the moral implications of controlling other nations.

Review Questions

• How did the Spanish-American War serve as a catalyst for American imperialism?
  • The Spanish-American War was crucial for American imperialism as it demonstrated the U.S.'s willingness to engage militarily for expansion. The victory over Spain not only boosted national pride but also resulted in significant territorial acquisitions like Puerto Rico and Guam. These events marked a transition for the United States from isolationism to an active role in global affairs, laying the groundwork for future imperialist policies.
• Discuss how economic motivations played a role in American imperialism during this era.
  • Economic motivations were central to American imperialism as expanding markets became crucial for U.S. businesses. The desire for new markets for American goods fueled expansion into territories such as the Philippines. Additionally, access to raw materials and strategic locations for trade routes were seen as essential for maintaining America's economic growth and competitive edge globally.
• Evaluate the moral implications of American imperialism in relation to domestic opposition movements like the Anti-Imperialist League.
  • The moral implications of American imperialism were hotly debated, particularly by groups like the Anti-Imperialist League. Critics argued that controlling other nations undermined America's foundational values of freedom and self-determination. This opposition highlighted a fundamental tension between expansionist policies and ethical governance, raising questions about America's role as a supposed promoter of democracy while engaging in practices deemed exploitative and oppressive.

Related terms

Colonialism: A practice where a country establishes control over foreign lands and peoples, often leading to settlement and exploitation of resources.

Manifest Destiny: A 19th-century doctrine that the expansion of the United States across the American continents was both justified and inevitable.

Spheres of Influence: Regions where a particular country has exclusive rights or privileges, often established through treaties or military might.