Flanking Maneuver

Definition

A flanking maneuver is a military tactic that involves attacking an enemy from the side or rear, rather than from the front. This strategy aims to catch the enemy off guard, disrupt their formations, and create a tactical advantage. Effective use of flanking maneuvers can lead to decisive victories in battles, as it allows forces to exploit weaknesses in the opponent's position.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Flanking maneuvers were critical in battles like Saratoga and Gettysburg, where they allowed one side to gain a tactical advantage over their opponent.
2. During the American Revolutionary War, both British and American forces utilized flanking maneuvers to outsmart their adversaries.
3. The success of a flanking maneuver often relies on speed and surprise, catching the enemy off balance and unable to effectively respond.
4. In the Battle of Yorktown, American and French forces employed flanking tactics that contributed significantly to the British surrender.
5. The effectiveness of flanking maneuvers can lead to the collapse of an opponent's lines, resulting in a quick victory and fewer casualties.

Review Questions

• How did the use of flanking maneuvers impact the outcomes of key battles during the American Revolutionary War?
  • Flanking maneuvers played a significant role in determining the outcomes of key battles during the American Revolutionary War by allowing forces to exploit weaknesses in enemy formations. For instance, at the Battle of Saratoga, American troops executed a successful flanking attack that turned the tide against British forces. Similarly, at Gettysburg, Union troops effectively used flanking tactics to outmaneuver Confederate forces, contributing to a crucial victory.
• Evaluate how the strategy of flanking maneuvers differed between the battles of Yorktown and Antietam.
  • In the Battle of Yorktown, American and French forces employed coordinated flanking maneuvers that surrounded British troops, leading to their eventual surrender. In contrast, at Antietam, both sides attempted flanking attacks; however, the battle resulted in a bloody stalemate. This difference illustrates how successful execution of flanking tactics can vary based on factors such as terrain, troop coordination, and overall military strategy.
• Analyze the long-term effects of successful flanking maneuvers on military strategies employed during and after the Civil War.
  • Successful flanking maneuvers during significant battles like Gettysburg influenced military strategies well into the future by demonstrating the importance of maneuverability and tactical flexibility on the battlefield. Military leaders began to prioritize mobility and surprise in their training and planning. The principles derived from these engagements shaped modern warfare strategies, as commanders recognized that effective use of flanking tactics could decisively impact engagement outcomes and lead to victories with fewer casualties.

Related terms

Tactics: The specific methods and strategies used by military forces to achieve objectives in battle.

Battlefield: The location where a battle is fought, which can greatly influence military tactics and strategies.

Entrenchment: A defensive strategy where troops dig in and fortify their positions to protect against enemy attacks.