The Continental Congress was a series of legislative assemblies held by representatives from the Thirteen Colonies during the American Revolution. It played a crucial role in unifying the colonies against British rule, organizing resistance efforts, and ultimately declaring independence. The Congress acted as a central governing body, addressing issues like taxation, military strategy, and foreign relations, especially during pivotal moments like the Stamp Act, Boston Tea Party, and the Intolerable Acts.
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The First Continental Congress met in Philadelphia in September 1774 in response to the Intolerable Acts, gathering delegates from 12 of the 13 colonies to discuss collective action against Britain.
The Continental Congress was responsible for organizing the colonial militias and establishing the Continental Army, appointing George Washington as its commander-in-chief.
The Second Continental Congress served as the de facto national government of the colonies during the Revolutionary War, coordinating military efforts and foreign diplomacy.
The Continental Congress was instrumental in drafting key documents that outlined colonial grievances against Britain, culminating in the Declaration of Independence.
The Congress faced significant challenges, including funding the war effort, managing supplies for troops, and navigating differing opinions among colonies regarding independence and governance.
Review Questions
How did the actions taken by the Continental Congress during events like the Stamp Act contribute to colonial unity against British rule?
The Continental Congress emerged as a response to oppressive British policies like the Stamp Act, which galvanized colonial leaders to unify their efforts against taxation without representation. Through gatherings like the First Continental Congress, delegates from various colonies discussed common grievances and strategies for resistance. This collective action fostered a sense of shared identity among colonists, laying the groundwork for further collaboration in facing British aggression.
Evaluate the significance of the Continental Congress in terms of military organization and leadership during the American Revolution.
The Continental Congress played a pivotal role in organizing military efforts during the American Revolution. It established the Continental Army and appointed George Washington as its commander-in-chief, which was crucial for unifying colonial forces under a strong leadership figure. This organization allowed for a more coordinated response to British military actions and contributed significantly to eventual American victories in key battles throughout the war.
Analyze how the decisions made by the Continental Congress influenced international relations and support during the Revolutionary War.
The Continental Congress's decisions were vital in shaping international relations during the Revolutionary War. By formally declaring independence and seeking alliances with foreign powers such as France, it opened doors for crucial military and financial support that bolstered American efforts against Britain. The ability of the Congress to present a unified front also helped gain recognition from other nations, enhancing diplomatic relations that were essential for sustaining the revolution and ultimately achieving victory.
The Second Continental Congress convened in 1775, following the outbreak of hostilities between Britain and the colonies, and is best known for adopting the Declaration of Independence in 1776.
A document adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, declaring the Thirteen Colonies independent from British rule and outlining the principles of individual rights and government by consent.
Committees of Correspondence: Networks established by colonial leaders to coordinate resistance against British policies, facilitating communication and collaboration among the colonies leading up to the Continental Congress.