New specimens refer to the examples of how a trademark is used in commerce, which must be submitted to the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) during the application process or in response to an Office Action. These specimens are crucial because they demonstrate actual use of the trademark in connection with the goods or services for which registration is sought, providing proof that the mark is functioning as intended. The submission of new specimens is often necessary when the initial specimens do not adequately show trademark use or when requested by the USPTO during their examination process.