Vapor-liquid equilibrium refers to the state in which a liquid and its vapor coexist at a certain temperature and pressure, with no net change in the amount of each phase over time. In this state, the rate of evaporation of the liquid equals the rate of condensation of the vapor, leading to a balance between the two phases. This concept is crucial for understanding phase changes and calculating properties like fugacity, which helps predict how substances behave under varying conditions.
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