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🎢principles of physics ii review

Single path for current

Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025

Definition

A single path for current refers to a circuit configuration where electric current can flow through only one pathway. In this arrangement, all components such as resistors or bulbs are connected end-to-end, meaning the same current flows through each component in the circuit. This setup is crucial for understanding how voltage and resistance affect the overall circuit behavior, as any interruption in the path will stop the flow of current altogether.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. In a series circuit, if one component fails or is disconnected, the entire circuit is broken and current cannot flow.
  2. The total resistance in a series circuit increases as more components are added, leading to a decrease in the total current according to Ohm's law.
  3. Voltage supplied by the power source is divided among the components in a series circuit, so each component experiences a voltage drop.
  4. Current remains constant throughout all components in a series circuit, meaning it does not change regardless of how many devices are connected.
  5. Calculating total resistance in a series circuit involves simply adding up all individual resistances: R_total = R_1 + R_2 + R_3 + ... + R_n.

Review Questions

  • How does the configuration of a series circuit affect the flow of electric current compared to parallel circuits?
    • In a series circuit, there is only one pathway for electric current to flow, which means that all components must function properly for current to continue. If any part of the circuit is broken or disconnected, the entire flow stops. In contrast, parallel circuits offer multiple pathways for current, allowing it to continue flowing even if one pathway is interrupted. This key difference highlights how series circuits are more susceptible to failure than parallel circuits.
  • Discuss how adding more resistors in a series circuit impacts total resistance and current flow.
    • Adding more resistors in a series circuit increases the total resistance because each resistor adds its own resistance to the overall circuit. According to Ohm's law, as resistance increases while the voltage remains constant, the total current flowing through the circuit decreases. This means that with more resistors added in series, each component gets less current, affecting performance and potentially causing devices like light bulbs to dim.
  • Evaluate how understanding the single path for current concept can help in troubleshooting electrical issues in household wiring.
    • Understanding that a single path for current exists in series circuits is essential when troubleshooting electrical problems. For instance, if one light bulb goes out and causes others to also turn off, it's likely due to an interruption in that single pathway. This knowledge allows one to systematically check each component for faults or disconnections. Moreover, recognizing that additional components increase resistance can help predict issues related to overloading circuits or inadequate power supply for multiple devices.