Hypothesis

Definition

A hypothesis is a testable statement or prediction about the relationship between two or more variables. It serves as a foundation for scientific investigation, guiding research by suggesting what one expects to observe in the experiment. This predictive nature of a hypothesis is essential in forming experiments that can either support or refute it through observation and analysis.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. A hypothesis should be specific and measurable, allowing for clear testing and validation through experiments.
2. Hypotheses can be classified as null hypotheses, which suggest no effect or relationship, and alternative hypotheses, which propose a specific effect or relationship.
3. In scientific research, multiple hypotheses may be tested simultaneously to explore different aspects of a phenomenon.
4. The process of formulating a hypothesis often involves background research and a review of existing literature to ensure it's grounded in prior knowledge.
5. Once a hypothesis is tested, it can be supported or rejected, leading to further investigation or refinement of the hypothesis itself.

Review Questions

• How does a hypothesis guide the design of an experiment?
  • A hypothesis guides the design of an experiment by providing a clear focus for what needs to be tested. It specifies the expected relationship between variables, allowing researchers to determine which variables to manipulate and measure. This focus helps in selecting appropriate methods and controls to ensure that the results can reliably support or refute the hypothesis.
• What distinguishes a null hypothesis from an alternative hypothesis in scientific research?
  • A null hypothesis posits that there is no significant effect or relationship between the variables being studied, serving as a baseline for comparison. In contrast, an alternative hypothesis suggests that there is a significant effect or relationship. Researchers aim to gather evidence through experimentation to determine whether they can reject the null hypothesis in favor of the alternative.
• Evaluate the importance of revising hypotheses based on experimental results and how this impacts future research.
  • Revising hypotheses based on experimental results is crucial because it reflects the iterative nature of scientific inquiry. When initial hypotheses are not supported by data, researchers must reconsider their assumptions, which may lead to more accurate predictions and deeper understanding. This process enhances the reliability of future research efforts by ensuring that new hypotheses are built upon verified findings and insights gained from prior investigations.

Related terms

Independent Variable: The variable that is manipulated or controlled in an experiment to test its effects on the dependent variable.

Dependent Variable: The variable that is measured or observed in an experiment, which is affected by changes in the independent variable.

Scientific Method: A systematic process used for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge, often involving the formulation of hypotheses.