Naturalization: The legal process by which a non-citizen can acquire citizenship of a country, usually involving meeting specific requirements such as residency, language proficiency, and passing a citizenship test.
Permanent Residency: A legal immigration status that allows a non-citizen to live and work permanently in a country, often serving as a precursor to the naturalization process.
Asylum: A form of legal protection granted to individuals who are unable or unwilling to return to their country of origin due to a well-founded fear of persecution.