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🍕principles of food science review

Pantothenic acid

Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025

Definition

Pantothenic acid, also known as vitamin B5, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. This essential nutrient is necessary for the synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA), which is vital for energy production and the synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol, and neurotransmitters. Its importance in metabolic pathways highlights its classification as a key micronutrient.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. Pantothenic acid is widely found in both plant and animal foods, making deficiency rare in most diets.
  2. It is involved in the production of energy by helping convert carbohydrates into glucose.
  3. The vitamin is important for synthesizing hormones such as cortisol and certain neurotransmitters.
  4. Symptoms of pantothenic acid deficiency can include fatigue, irritability, and digestive issues.
  5. The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for adults is around 5 mg per day, which can usually be met through a balanced diet.

Review Questions

  • How does pantothenic acid contribute to energy metabolism in the body?
    • Pantothenic acid contributes to energy metabolism primarily through its role in synthesizing coenzyme A (CoA). CoA is essential for the conversion of carbohydrates into glucose, which is then utilized for energy production. By facilitating the metabolism of fats and proteins as well, pantothenic acid ensures that the body has adequate energy sources available during various physiological activities.
  • Discuss the potential health effects of pantothenic acid deficiency and how it can impact metabolic functions.
    • Deficiency in pantothenic acid can lead to several health issues, including fatigue, irritability, and digestive problems. Since this vitamin is crucial for synthesizing CoA, its absence can disrupt essential metabolic functions such as the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. This can result in decreased energy levels and poor metabolic health, impacting overall wellness.
  • Evaluate the significance of pantothenic acid in the context of modern dietary practices and nutritional health.
    • In today's dietary landscape, where processed foods may dominate consumption patterns, understanding the significance of pantothenic acid becomes vital for nutritional health. With its role in energy production and metabolic processes, ensuring adequate intake can support overall health. As dietary habits evolve, awareness about natural food sources rich in this vitamin becomes essential to prevent deficiencies and promote optimal bodily functions in an increasingly health-conscious society.