Organic Chemistry II
Second messengers are small molecules that transmit signals within a cell after the binding of a signaling molecule, known as a first messenger, to a receptor on the cell surface. They play a crucial role in amplifying and propagating the signal initiated by the first messenger, allowing for rapid cellular responses to external stimuli. Common second messengers include cyclic AMP (cAMP), calcium ions (Ca²⁺), and inositol trisphosphate (IP3).
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