🥼organic chemistry review

key term - Waxes

Definition

Waxes are a class of lipids that are generally solid, waxy substances at room temperature. They are composed of long-chain fatty acids and alcohols and serve a variety of functions in both plants and animals, including providing protection, insulation, and waterproofing.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. Waxes are insoluble in water but soluble in non-polar solvents like ether, chloroform, and benzene.
  2. Waxes have a high melting point, typically between 60-100°C, due to their long-chain fatty acid and alcohol composition.
  3. Plant waxes, such as those found on leaves, help prevent water loss and protect against environmental stresses.
  4. Animal waxes, like beeswax, are used for waterproofing, insulation, and as a structural component in nests and hives.
  5. Waxes are used in a wide range of products, including cosmetics, polishes, candles, and lubricants.

Review Questions

  • Explain the chemical composition and physical properties of waxes.
    • Waxes are composed of long-chain fatty acids and alcohols, which give them a solid, waxy texture at room temperature. The long hydrocarbon chains and lack of polarity make waxes insoluble in water but soluble in non-polar solvents. The high melting point of waxes, typically between 60-100°C, is due to the strong intermolecular forces between the long-chain molecules.
  • Describe the biological functions of waxes in plants and animals.
    • In plants, waxes found on the surface of leaves and stems help prevent water loss and protect the plant from environmental stresses like UV radiation and pathogens. In animals, waxes like beeswax are used for waterproofing, insulation, and as a structural component in nests and hives. Waxes also play a role in chemical communication and defense mechanisms in some organisms.
  • Analyze the diverse applications of waxes in various industries and products.
    • Waxes have a wide range of commercial applications due to their unique physical and chemical properties. They are used in cosmetics and personal care products to provide emollient and waterproofing effects. Waxes are also used in the production of candles, polishes, and lubricants. Additionally, waxes are found in various industrial and technological applications, such as in the manufacture of electrical components, as coatings for paper and textiles, and as additives in paints and coatings.