Valence bond (VB) theory

Definition

Valence Bond (VB) Theory is a model in organic chemistry that describes how atoms in a molecule are connected by bonds formed through the overlapping of atomic orbitals, each containing one electron from the bonding atoms. It emphasizes the importance of electron pairs in covalent bonds and explains the molecular shape based on these interactions.

Related terms

Covalent bond: A type of chemical bond where two atoms share a pair of electrons to achieve stability.

Orbital hybridization: The process by which atomic orbitals mix to form new hybrid orbitals that can form stronger bonds and more stable molecules.

Sigma bond (σ bond): A single covalent bond formed through direct overlap between atomic orbitals along the axis connecting two nuclei