Hybrid orbital

Definition

In organic chemistry, a hybrid orbital is formed when atomic orbitals mix to create a new orbital that enhances molecular bonding capabilities, such as in the formation of methane (CH4). This process allows for the creation of equivalent bonding orbitals that are symmetrically arranged in space, facilitating the formation of stable molecules.

Related terms

sp3 Hybridization: The process by which one s orbital and three p orbitals mix together to form four equivalent sp3 hybrid orbitals, each oriented tetrahedrally, commonly seen in carbon atoms in methane.

Molecular Geometry: The three-dimensional arrangement of atoms within a molecule, determined by the spatial orientations of its bonding and non-bonding electrons.

Valence Bond Theory: A theory that explains how atoms within a molecule are bonded together by speculating that electrons reside in quantum mechanical orbitals localized on individual atoms or spread over several atoms forming bond pairs