Visceral leishmaniasis

Definition

Visceral leishmaniasis is a severe parasitic disease caused by the Leishmania donovani complex. It predominantly affects internal organs, particularly the spleen, liver, and bone marrow.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Visceral leishmaniasis is transmitted by the bite of infected female sandflies.
2. It is also known as kala-azar, which means 'black fever' in Hindi.
3. Symptoms include fever, weight loss, enlargement of the spleen and liver (hepatosplenomegaly), and anemia.
4. Diagnosis is primarily made through microscopic examination of tissue samples or serological tests.
5. Treatment typically involves antimonial compounds such as sodium stibogluconate or amphotericin B.

Review Questions

• What are the primary symptoms of visceral leishmaniasis?
• How is visceral leishmaniasis transmitted?
• What are the main diagnostic methods for detecting visceral leishmaniasis?

Related terms

Leishmania donovani: The protozoan parasite responsible for causing visceral leishmaniasis.

Kala-azar: Another name for visceral leishmaniasis, often used in regions where the disease is endemic.

Hepatosplenomegaly: An abnormal enlargement of both the liver and spleen, commonly seen in visceral leishmaniasis patients.