Viral vectors

Definition

Viral vectors are tools commonly used in genetic engineering to deliver genetic material into cells. They exploit the natural ability of viruses to infect and introduce their DNA or RNA into host cells.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Viral vectors can be derived from various viruses, including adenoviruses, retroviruses, and lentiviruses.
2. Safety modifications are made to viral vectors to prevent them from causing disease.
3. Viral vectors can be used for gene therapy, where they deliver therapeutic genes to correct genetic disorders.
4. They are also utilized in vaccine development, such as the production of COVID-19 vaccines.
5. The efficiency of viral vectors in delivering genes makes them crucial tools in molecular biology and biotechnology.

Review Questions

• What is the primary purpose of using viral vectors in genetic engineering?
• Name at least two types of viruses that can be used to create viral vectors.
• How do safety modifications impact the use of viral vectors?

Related terms

Gene Therapy: A medical field that involves altering the genes inside a person's cells to treat or prevent disease.

Adenovirus: A type of virus that can be modified to serve as a vector for delivering DNA into cells.

Lentivirus: A subclass of retroviruses used as vectors due to their ability to integrate into the host genome.