Viral genomes

Definition

Viral genomes are the genetic material of viruses, consisting of either DNA or RNA. They encode the necessary information for virus replication and propagation within host cells.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Viral genomes can be composed of single-stranded or double-stranded DNA or RNA.
2. The size of viral genomes varies widely, from a few thousand to over a million nucleotides.
3. Some viral genomes are segmented, meaning they are divided into separate pieces of nucleic acid.
4. Viral genomes often have overlapping genes to maximize the coding capacity in small genomes.
5. RNA viruses generally have higher mutation rates than DNA viruses due to the lack of proofreading mechanisms in RNA polymerases.

Review Questions

• What types of nucleic acids can make up viral genomes?
• Why do RNA viruses tend to have higher mutation rates compared to DNA viruses?
• What is the significance of overlapping genes in viral genomes?

Related terms

Host Cell: A cell that is infected by a virus and supports its replication.

RNA Polymerase:

An enzyme that synthesizes RNA from an RNA template, often associated with high mutation rates.

Capsid:

The protein shell that encases the viral genome, providing protection and aiding in transmission.